A Historical Review of Electrode Materials and Electrolytes for Electrochemical Double Layer Supercapacitors and Pseudocapacitors

Abstract

The supercapacitor is one of the most promising alternatives to other popular energy storage solutions, viz., rechargeablebatteries and capacitors. They are considered the bridge between batteries (high energy density) and capacitors (high powerdensity) because of their fast charge/discharge capacity, high specific power/energy, and good service-life, which makethem the most promising candidate for future energy storage/redistribution systems as well as hybrid electric vehicles. In thepast, much progress has occurred in electrode materials, electrode architecture, electrolytes, separators, and deviceconfiguration. This review article discusse the basics of electrochemical super capacitors, storage principal, deviceconfiguration, electrode materials, and electrolytes, including the coverage of the comprehensive literature account of theadvancements in the area; and, finally, the discussion on technological challenges in the development of commerciallyviable next-gen supercapacitor devices.